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Windows 11 Installation Guide

To install Windows 11, you have to:

  1. Go to the Microsoft web and download the iso file of Windows 11 version 64 bits in the language you prefer.
  2. Download the latest stable version of the virtio drivers

Pre Installation

  1. Create a desktop of the uploaded media with the following Hardware:

    Recommended

    • Viewers: SPICE/VNC
    • vCPUS: 4
    • Memory (GB): 6
    • Videos: Default
    • Boot: CD/DVD
    • Disk Bus: Default
    • Disk Size (GB): 140
    • Networks: Default
    • Template: Microsoft windows 10 with Virtio devices UEFI

  2. Edit the desktop and add the following media:

    • Win11_22H2_EN (installer)
    • virtio-win-X (drivers)
    • Optimization Tools (optimization software for Windows O.S.)

Important

If you want to have a network during the installation process, you have to select the network "Intel1000"

XML Edition

It's important to edit the xml of the desktop or else the installation will not work. To be able to edit the xml, you have to have a "manager" or "admin" role

OS

In the "os" section within the xml you have to modify and change from "pc-i440fx-2.8" to "q35" and add some elements:

<os>
    <boot dev="hd"/>
    <type arch="x86_64" machine="q35">hvm</type>
    <loader readonly="yes" secure="no" type="pflash">/usr/share/OVMF/OVMF_CODE.fd</loader>
</os>

Hyperv

In the section you have to have this since Windows 11 recommends it for better performance:

<hyperv>
    <relaxed state="on"/>
    <vapic state="on"/>
    <spinlocks state="on" retries="8191"/>
    <synic state="on"/>
    <stimer state="on"/>
    <vpindex state="on"/>
    <tlbflush state="on"/>
    <ipi state="on"/>
</hyperv>

TMP

It is a requirement of Windows 11 and must be added:

<tpm model="tpm-tis">
    <backend type="emulator" version="2.0"/>
</tpm>

Audio

We force the audio to come out through Spice with this:

<sound model="ich9">
    <address type="pci" domain="0x0000" bus="0x00" slot="0x1b" function="0x0"/>
</sound>
<audio id="1" type="spice"/>

Channel

<channel type="spicevmc">
    <target type="virtio" name="com.redhat.spice.0"/>
    <address type="virtio-serial" controller="0" bus="0" port="1"/>
</channel>

Devices PCIe + USB

<controller type="usb" index="0" model="qemu-xhci" ports="15">
    <address type="pci" domain="0x0000" bus="0x02" slot="0x00" function="0x0"/>
</controller>
    <controller type="pci" index="0" model="pcie-root"/>
    <controller type="pci" index="1" model="pcie-root-port">
      <model name="pcie-root-port"/>
      <target chassis="1" port="0x10"/>
      <address type="pci" domain="0x0000" bus="0x00" slot="0x02" function="0x0" multifunction="on"/>
    </controller>
    <controller type="pci" index="2" model="pcie-root-port">
      <model name="pcie-root-port"/>
      <target chassis="2" port="0x11"/>
      <address type="pci" domain="0x0000" bus="0x00" slot="0x02" function="0x1"/>
    </controller>
    <controller type="pci" index="3" model="pcie-root-port">
      <model name="pcie-root-port"/>
      <target chassis="3" port="0x12"/>
      <address type="pci" domain="0x0000" bus="0x00" slot="0x02" function="0x2"/>
    </controller>
    <controller type="pci" index="4" model="pcie-root-port">
      <model name="pcie-root-port"/>
      <target chassis="4" port="0x13"/>
      <address type="pci" domain="0x0000" bus="0x00" slot="0x02" function="0x3"/>
    </controller>
    <controller type="pci" index="5" model="pcie-root-port">
      <model name="pcie-root-port"/>
      <target chassis="5" port="0x14"/>
      <address type="pci" domain="0x0000" bus="0x00" slot="0x02" function="0x4"/>
    </controller>
    <controller type="pci" index="6" model="pcie-root-port">
      <model name="pcie-root-port"/>
      <target chassis="6" port="0x15"/>
      <address type="pci" domain="0x0000" bus="0x00" slot="0x02" function="0x5"/>
    </controller>
    <controller type="pci" index="7" model="pcie-root-port">
      <model name="pcie-root-port"/>
      <target chassis="7" port="0x16"/>
      <address type="pci" domain="0x0000" bus="0x00" slot="0x02" function="0x6"/>
    </controller>
    <controller type="pci" index="8" model="pcie-root-port">
      <model name="pcie-root-port"/>
      <target chassis="8" port="0x17"/>
      <address type="pci" domain="0x0000" bus="0x00" slot="0x02" function="0x7"/>
    </controller>
    <controller type="pci" index="9" model="pcie-root-port">
      <model name="pcie-root-port"/>
      <target chassis="9" port="0x18"/>
      <address type="pci" domain="0x0000" bus="0x00" slot="0x03" function="0x0" multifunction="on"/>
    </controller>
    <controller type="pci" index="10" model="pcie-root-port">
      <model name="pcie-root-port"/>
      <target chassis="10" port="0x19"/>
      <address type="pci" domain="0x0000" bus="0x00" slot="0x03" function="0x1"/>
    </controller>
    <controller type="pci" index="11" model="pcie-root-port">
      <model name="pcie-root-port"/>
      <target chassis="11" port="0x1a"/>
      <address type="pci" domain="0x0000" bus="0x00" slot="0x03" function="0x2"/>
    </controller>
    <controller type="pci" index="12" model="pcie-root-port">
      <model name="pcie-root-port"/>
      <target chassis="12" port="0x1b"/>
      <address type="pci" domain="0x0000" bus="0x00" slot="0x03" function="0x3"/>
    </controller>
    <controller type="pci" index="13" model="pcie-root-port">
      <model name="pcie-root-port"/>
      <target chassis="13" port="0x1c"/>
      <address type="pci" domain="0x0000" bus="0x00" slot="0x03" function="0x4"/>
    </controller>
    <controller type="pci" index="14" model="pcie-root-port">
      <model name="pcie-root-port"/>
      <target chassis="14" port="0x1d"/>
      <address type="pci" domain="0x0000" bus="0x00" slot="0x03" function="0x5"/>
    </controller>
    <controller type="sata" index="0">
      <address type="pci" domain="0x0000" bus="0x00" slot="0x1f" function="0x2"/>
    </controller>
    <controller type="virtio-serial" index="0">
      <address type="pci" domain="0x0000" bus="0x03" slot="0x00" function="0x0"/>
    </controller>
    <serial type="pty">
      <target type="isa-serial" port="0">
        <model name="isa-serial"/>
      </target>
    </serial>

Memballoon

<memballoon model="virtio">
    <address type="pci" domain="0x0000" bus="0x04" slot="0x00" function="0x0"/>
</memballoon>

Console

 <console type="pty">
    <target type="serial" port="0"/>
</console>
Example of XML for Windows 11

The "#" represent ids, each id is different

    <domain type="kvm">
    <name>#########</name>
    <uuid>#########</uuid>
    <metadata>
        <libosinfo:libosinfo xmlns:libosinfo="http://libosinfo.org/xmlns/libvirt/domain/1.0">
        <libosinfo:os id="http://microsoft.com/win/10"/>
        </libosinfo:libosinfo>
    </metadata>
    <memory unit="KiB">######</memory>
    <currentMemory unit="KiB">######</currentMemory>
    <vcpu placement="static">#</vcpu>
    <os>
        <boot dev="hd"/>
        <type arch="x86_64" machine="q35">hvm</type>
        <loader readonly="yes" secure="no" type="pflash">/usr/share/OVMF/OVMF_CODE.fd</loader>
    </os>
    <features>
        <acpi/>
        <apic/>
        <hyperv>
        <relaxed state="on"/>
        <vapic state="on"/>
        <spinlocks state="on" retries="8191"/>
        <synic state="on"/>
        <stimer state="on"/>
        <vpindex state="on"/>
        <tlbflush state="on"/>
        <ipi state="on"/>
        </hyperv>
        <vmport state="off"/>
    </features>
    <cpu mode="host-model">
        <topology sockets="1" dies="1" cores="4" threads="1"/>
    </cpu>
    <clock offset="localtime">
        <timer name="rtc" tickpolicy="catchup"/>
        <timer name="pit" tickpolicy="delay"/>
        <timer name="hpet" present="no"/>
        <timer name="hypervclock" present="yes"/>
    </clock>
    <pm>
        <suspend-to-mem enabled="no"/>
        <suspend-to-disk enabled="no"/>
    </pm>
    <devices>
        <emulator>/usr/bin/qemu-kvm</emulator>
        <disk type="file" device="disk">
        <driver name="qemu" type="qcow2"/>
        <source file="/isard/groups/##############.qcow2"/>
        <target dev="vda" bus="virtio"/>
        </disk>
        <disk type="file" device="cdrom">
        <driver name="qemu" type="raw"/>
        <source file="/isard/media/###########.iso"/>
        <target dev="sda" bus="sata"/>
        <readonly/>
        </disk>
        <controller type="usb" index="0" model="qemu-xhci" ports="15">
        <address type="pci" domain="0x0000" bus="0x02" slot="0x00" function="0x0"/>
        </controller>
        <controller type="pci" index="0" model="pcie-root"/>
        <controller type="pci" index="1" model="pcie-root-port">
        <model name="pcie-root-port"/>
        <target chassis="1" port="0x10"/>
        <address type="pci" domain="0x0000" bus="0x00" slot="0x02" function="0x0" multifunction="on"/>
        </controller>
        <controller type="pci" index="2" model="pcie-root-port">
        <model name="pcie-root-port"/>
        <target chassis="2" port="0x11"/>
        <address type="pci" domain="0x0000" bus="0x00" slot="0x02" function="0x1"/>
        </controller>
        <controller type="pci" index="3" model="pcie-root-port">
        <model name="pcie-root-port"/>
        <target chassis="3" port="0x12"/>
        <address type="pci" domain="0x0000" bus="0x00" slot="0x02" function="0x2"/>
        </controller>
        <controller type="pci" index="4" model="pcie-root-port">
        <model name="pcie-root-port"/>
        <target chassis="4" port="0x13"/>
        <address type="pci" domain="0x0000" bus="0x00" slot="0x02" function="0x3"/>
        </controller>
        <controller type="pci" index="5" model="pcie-root-port">
        <model name="pcie-root-port"/>
        <target chassis="5" port="0x14"/>
        <address type="pci" domain="0x0000" bus="0x00" slot="0x02" function="0x4"/>
        </controller>
        <controller type="pci" index="6" model="pcie-root-port">
        <model name="pcie-root-port"/>
        <target chassis="6" port="0x15"/>
        <address type="pci" domain="0x0000" bus="0x00" slot="0x02" function="0x5"/>
        </controller>
        <controller type="pci" index="7" model="pcie-root-port">
        <model name="pcie-root-port"/>
        <target chassis="7" port="0x16"/>
        <address type="pci" domain="0x0000" bus="0x00" slot="0x02" function="0x6"/>
        </controller>
        <controller type="pci" index="8" model="pcie-root-port">
        <model name="pcie-root-port"/>
        <target chassis="8" port="0x17"/>
        <address type="pci" domain="0x0000" bus="0x00" slot="0x02" function="0x7"/>
        </controller>
        <controller type="pci" index="9" model="pcie-root-port">
        <model name="pcie-root-port"/>
        <target chassis="9" port="0x18"/>
        <address type="pci" domain="0x0000" bus="0x00" slot="0x03" function="0x0" multifunction="on"/>
        </controller>
        <controller type="pci" index="10" model="pcie-root-port">
        <model name="pcie-root-port"/>
        <target chassis="10" port="0x19"/>
        <address type="pci" domain="0x0000" bus="0x00" slot="0x03" function="0x1"/>
        </controller>
        <controller type="pci" index="11" model="pcie-root-port">
        <model name="pcie-root-port"/>
        <target chassis="11" port="0x1a"/>
        <address type="pci" domain="0x0000" bus="0x00" slot="0x03" function="0x2"/>
        </controller>
        <controller type="pci" index="12" model="pcie-root-port">
        <model name="pcie-root-port"/>
        <target chassis="12" port="0x1b"/>
        <address type="pci" domain="0x0000" bus="0x00" slot="0x03" function="0x3"/>
        </controller>
        <controller type="pci" index="13" model="pcie-root-port">
        <model name="pcie-root-port"/>
        <target chassis="13" port="0x1c"/>
        <address type="pci" domain="0x0000" bus="0x00" slot="0x03" function="0x4"/>
        </controller>
        <controller type="pci" index="14" model="pcie-root-port">
        <model name="pcie-root-port"/>
        <target chassis="14" port="0x1d"/>
        <address type="pci" domain="0x0000" bus="0x00" slot="0x03" function="0x5"/>
        </controller>
        <controller type="sata" index="0">
        <address type="pci" domain="0x0000" bus="0x00" slot="0x1f" function="0x2"/>
        </controller>
        <controller type="virtio-serial" index="0">
        <address type="pci" domain="0x0000" bus="0x03" slot="0x00" function="0x0"/>
        </controller>
        <serial type="pty">
        <target type="isa-serial" port="0">
            <model name="isa-serial"/>
        </target>
        </serial>
        <console type="pty">
        <target type="serial" port="0"/>
        </console>
        <channel type="spicevmc">
        <target type="virtio" name="com.redhat.spice.0"/>
        <address type="virtio-serial" controller="0" bus="0" port="1"/>
        </channel>
        <interface type="network">
        <source network="default"/>
        <mac address="52:54:00:43:ba:0b"/>
        <model type="virtio"/>
        <bandwidth/>
        </interface>
        <interface type="bridge">
        <source bridge="ovsbr0"/>
        <mac address="52:54:00:0f:0f:a5"/>
        <virtualport type="openvswitch"/>
        <vlan>
            <tag id="4095"/>
        </vlan>
        <model type="virtio"/>
        <bandwidth/>
        </interface>
        <input type="tablet" bus="usb"/>
        <graphics type="spice" port="-1" tlsPort="-1" autoport="yes">
        <listen type="address" address="0.0.0.0"/>
        <image compression="auto_glz"/>
        <jpeg compression="always"/>
        <zlib compression="always"/>
        <playback compression="off"/>
        <streaming mode="all"/>
        </graphics>
        <sound model="ich9">
        <address type="pci" domain="0x0000" bus="0x00" slot="0x1b" function="0x0"/>
        </sound>
        <audio id="1" type="spice"/>
        <video>
        <model type="qxl" ram="65536" vram="65536" vgamem="16384" heads="1" primary="yes"/>
        <alias name="video0"/>
        </video>
        <tpm model="tpm-tis">
        <backend type="emulator" version="2.0"/>
        </tpm>
        <redirdev bus="usb" type="spicevmc"/>
        <redirdev bus="usb" type="spicevmc"/>
        <memballoon model="virtio">
        <address type="pci" domain="0x0000" bus="0x04" slot="0x00" function="0x0"/>
        </memballoon>
    </devices>
    </domain>

Installation

Windows 11

We open the desktop with Spice or VNC browser viewer:

Viewers

  • If Spice is chosen, when this screen appears, go to "Send key" and press Ctrl+Alt+Del
  • If VNC browser is chosen, press the button on the top right "Send Ctrl+Alt+Del "

When the button is pressed, this message will appear:

At that moment, press any key within the console, for example Enter and force the windows 11 installer to start.

The efi boot appears and the windows installer loads:

  1. Type of installation

  2. Load operating system drivers

System

  1. Shut down and edit the desktop, changing the "Boot" mode and select "Hard disk".

  2. Reboot the desktop, it may take a few minutes for the system to boot.

  3. Select the following options, the screen may not resize well at this time and you will have to move the content up or down (scroll)

  4. Turn off the desktop, remove the Windows 11 installation image and leave this media:

    • virtio-win-x (controllers)
    • Optimization Tools (optimization program for Windows O.S.)

Configuration

Update and install

  1. Install the two virtio drivers from the desktop media (virtio-win-x).

  2. Check if there are system updates and downloaded to keep up with the latest version.

  3. Install the following programs and save their installers in a new folder that we will name admin in the path C:\admin

    Applications

    • Firefox
    • Google chrome
    • Libre Office
    • Gimp
    • Inkscape
    • LibreCAD
    • Geany
    • Adobe Acrobat Reader

User admin and privilege changes

Open a Powershell with administrator privilege:

  1. Create an admin user in the Administrators group

    $Password = Read-Host -AsSecureString
New-LocalUser "admin" -Password $Password -FullName "admin"
Add-LocalGroupMember -Group "Administrator" -Member "admin"

  2. Create an user user in the Users group

    New-LocalUser "user" -Password $Password -FullName "user"
Add-LocalGroupMember -Group "Standard User" -Member "user"

  3. Change the permissions to the folder C:\admin, right click on the folder and select "Properties". You have to disable inheritance of the folder and delete all users who are not Administrators

Uninstall applications and modifying Microsoft settings

  1. Open a Powershell with administrator privilege, and uninstall the following packages and programs:

    Important Information

    Uninstalling these programs leads to faster Windows and more space. It is important to note that the Microsoft Store will also be removed. If you do not want to delete it, you have to ignore the command:

    Get-AppxPackage -Name Microsoft.WindowsStore | Remove-AppxPackage -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

    Commands for uninstalling programs in Powershell 

    Get-AppxPackage -Name Microsoft.Xbox* | Remove-AppxPackage -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
Get-AppxPackage -Name Microsoft.Bing* | Remove-AppxPackage -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
Get-AppxPackage -Name Microsoft.3DBuilder | Remove-AppxPackage -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
Get-AppxPackage -Name Microsoft.Advertising.Xaml | Remove-AppxPackage -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
Get-AppxPackage -Name Microsoft.AsyncTextService | Remove-AppxPackage -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
Get-AppxPackage -Name Microsoft.BingWeather | Remove-AppxPackage -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
Get-AppxPackage -Name Microsoft.BioEnrollment | Remove-AppxPackage -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
Get-AppxPackage -Name Microsoft.DesktopAppInstaller | Remove-AppxPackage -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
Get-AppxPackage -Name Microsoft.GetHelp | Remove-AppxPackage -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
Get-AppxPackage -Name Microsoft.Getstarted | Remove-AppxPackage -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
Get-AppxPackage -Name Microsoft.Microsoft3DViewer | Remove-AppxPackage -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
Get-AppxPackage -Name Microsoft.MicrosoftEdge | Remove-AppxPackage -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
Get-AppxPackage -Name Microsoft.MicrosoftEdgeDevToolsClient | Remove-AppxPackage -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
Get-AppxPackage -Name Microsoft.MicrosoftOfficeHub | Remove-AppxPackage -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
Get-AppxPackage -Name Microsoft.MicrosoftSolitaireCollection | Remove-AppxPackage -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
Get-AppxPackage -Name Microsoft.MicrosoftStickyNotes | Remove-AppxPackage -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
Get-AppxPackage -Name Microsoft.MixedReality.Portal | Remove-AppxPackage -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
Get-AppxPackage -Name Microsoft.Office.OneNote | Remove-AppxPackage -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
Get-AppxPackage -Name Microsoft.People | Remove-AppxPackage -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
Get-AppxPackage -Name Microsoft.ScreenSketch | Remove-AppxPackage -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
Get-AppxPackage -Name Microsoft.Services.Store.Engagement | Remove-AppxPackage -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
Get-AppxPackage -Name Microsoft.Services.Store.Engagement | Remove-AppxPackage -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
Get-AppxPackage -Name Microsoft.SkypeApp | Remove-AppxPackage -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
Get-AppxPackage -Name Microsoft.StorePurchaseApp | Remove-AppxPackage -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
Get-AppxPackage -Name Microsoft.Wallet | Remove-AppxPackage -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
Get-AppxPackage -Name Microsoft.WindowsAlarms | Remove-AppxPackage -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
Get-AppxPackage -Name Microsoft.WindowsCamera | Remove-AppxPackage -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
Get-AppxPackage -Name Microsoft.WindowsFeedbackHub | Remove-AppxPackage -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
Get-AppxPackage -Name Microsoft.WindowsMaps | Remove-AppxPackage -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
Get-AppxPackage -Name Microsoft.WindowsSoundRecorder | Remove-AppxPackage -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
Get-AppxPackage -Name Microsoft.WindowsStore | Remove-AppxPackage -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
Get-AppxPackage -Name Microsoft.XboxGameCallableUI | Remove-AppxPackage -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
Get-AppxPackage -Name Microsoft.YourPhone | Remove-AppxPackage -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
Get-AppxPackage -Name Microsoft.ZuneMusic | Remove-AppxPackage -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
Get-AppxPackage -Name Microsoft.ZuneVideo | Remove-AppxPackage -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
Get-AppxPackage -Name SpotifyAB.SpotifyMusic | Remove-AppxPackage -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
Get-AppxPackage -Name Windows.CBSPreview | Remove-AppxPackage -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
Get-AppxPackage -Name microsoft.windowscommunicationsapps | Remove-AppxPackage -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
Get-AppxPackage -Name windows.immersivecontrolpanel | Remove-AppxPackage -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

  2. Open msconfig using the keys Win+R or from a CMD, and disable the following services (restar the computer if requested):

    Services

    • Xbox Live Auth Manager
    • Security center
    • Windows Defender Firewall
    • Mozilla Maintenance Service
    • Microsoft Defender Antivirus Service
    • Windows Update Medic Service
    • Windows Update
    • Adobe Acrobat Update Service
    • Google Update Service(gupdate)
    • Google Update Service(gupdatem)
    • Google Chrome Elevation Service

  3. Open the Task Manager and in startup apps disable:

    Applications

    • Cortana
    • Teams
    • Microsoft OneDrive
    • Windows Security notifications

  4. Disable the Windows notifications in Settings --> System --> Notifications

  5. Enable the connections by Remote Desktop. Enable the first checkbox, and disable the second checkbox in Advanced Settings

  6. For better visibility of the mouse pointer, it is recommended to select the inverted mode:

  7. Disable these taskbar items:

  8. Shut down and edit the desktop with the following virtual hardware:

    Recommended

    • Viewers: RDP and RDP browser
    • Login RDP:
      • User: isard
      • Password: pirineus
    • vCPUS: 4
    • Memory (GB): 8
    • Videos: Default
    • Boot: Hard Disk
    • Disk Bus: Default
    • Network: Default y Wireguard VPN

Autologon

  1. To enable automatic logon as the system boots, install Autologon.

    Info

    If the autologon iso has already been added to the media section on the desktop, there is no need to download it.

  2. Unzip the downloaded file and execute Autologon64. Enter the password pirineus (or whatever you prefer).

Optimization tools

  1. Press the Analyze button, then Common Options and configure the options as in the following images.

    Important

    If in point 1 of uninstall of the applications the Microsoft Store has not been deleted, you have to uncheck the box for "Store Apps"

  2. Export the resulting file in the folder C:\admin

Windows Defender

Maximum CPU Usage

By default, Microsoft Defender antivirus uses a maximum of 50% CPU. This can be verified with the PowerShell order:

Get-MpPreference | select ScanAvgCPULoadFactor
Windows 10 Windows 11

Specify maximum CPU usage in PowerShell

With the command Set-MpPreference -ScanAvgCPULoadFactor 25 (Microsoft Documentation) in administrator mode can be limited to 25% of the CPU. By changing the number, you can specify the maximum percentage with a number from 5 to 100 and 0 disabling it.

Results

CPU Usage in a Quick Exam

When performing a system scan, with a machine set to 100% (left) and a machine set to 5% (right) the results are the same and the quick scan uses 25% of the processor.

Exclusions

The following low-risk file types and directories should be added to the exclusion list:

Note

Windows does not allow swap files to be added to exclusions

Last update: August 30, 2024